These diseases are often (though not exclusively) seen in dairy goats, especially in good milkers.   The situation occurs either very near the end of pregnancy (pregnancy toxemia) or after birth, when the goat begins milking (ketosis).  The problem is that late-term pregnancy and especially the onset of lactation require considerable energy, more than can be derived from the feed.  The problem is compounded in a goat carrying multiple fetuses, because the kids press on the rumen and the goat simply cannot physically eat very much.  Consequently, the goat must call on body reserves of fat for energy.  The breakdown of large amounts of fat results in compounds called ketones floating around in the blood.  In large concentrations, these ketones actually have a toxic effect; the animal may develop acidosis of the blood (goat blood, like human blood, should be slightly alkaline), and if this becomes severe enough, the goat may go into a coma.  Early symptoms include apathy, poor appetite, a decrease in milk production (if the goat is milking), a rough coat, and disorientation.  You will need a veterinarian to administer glucose and electrolytes to help your goat get well.

To prevent ketosis or pregnancy toxemia, you must get more energy into the late-term pregnant and early-lactation doe.  Gradually increase the concentrate (grain) portion of the diet and reduce the hay portion (remember, you don’t want to change the rumen pH too fast).  The grain is much higher in energy and will take up much less room in the rumen.  A small amount of fat on the feed will also help increase energy intake.  Providing more frequent and smaller meals will also help.  Some people give their does a little honey or molasses right after they give birth to provide some immediate carbohydrate energy.  Keep good records so that you know which does are prone to ketosis or pregnancy toxemia, as some does sail through pregnancy and lactation without problems and might actually get fat if given extra energy in their feed.